Monga chipangizo chatsopano cholowera, chophimba chokhudza pakali pano ndi njira yosavuta, yosavuta komanso yachilengedwe yolumikizirana ndi anthu pakompyuta.
Chotchinga chokhudza, chomwe chimadziwikanso kuti "screen touch" kapena "touch panel", ndi chida chowonetsera chamadzimadzi chamadzimadzi chomwe chimatha kulandira zidziwitso zolowera monga zolumikizirana;mabatani owonetsera pazenera akakhudzidwa, njira yoyankhira pazenera imatha Zida zosiyanasiyana zolumikizira zimayendetsedwa molingana ndi mapulogalamu omwe adakonzedweratu, omwe angagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa mapanelo amakina amakina ndikupanga zomveka zomvera ndi makanema kudzera pazithunzi za LCD.Magawo akuluakulu ogwiritsira ntchito zowonera za Ruixiang ndi zida zamankhwala, minda yamafakitale, zida zam'manja, Smart home, kulumikizana kwa makompyuta ndi anthu, ndi zina zambiri.
Common touch screen classifications
Pali mitundu ingapo ikuluikulu ya zowonera pamsika masiku ano: zowonera kukhudza kwamphamvu, zowonera pamwamba pa capacitive touch screen ndi inductive capacitive touch screens, surface acoustic wave, infrared, and bending wave, digitizer yogwira ndi zowonera zowonera.Pakhoza kukhala mitundu iwiri ya izo, mtundu umodzi umafuna ITO, monga mitundu itatu yoyamba ya zowonetsera, ndipo mtundu wina sufuna ITO mu dongosolo, monga mitundu yotsiriza ya zowonetsera.Pakalipano pamsika, zowonetsera zotsutsana ndi ma capacitive touch screens pogwiritsa ntchito zipangizo za ITO ndizo zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Zotsatirazi zimabweretsa chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi zowonera, zomwe zimayang'ana kwambiri zowonera komanso zowoneka bwino.
Kukhudza chophimba kapangidwe
Kapangidwe kawonekedwe ka skrini ya touch nthawi zambiri kumakhala ndi magawo atatu: zigawo ziwiri zowonekera zowoneka bwino, zosanjikiza zodzipatula pakati pa ma conductor awiri, ndi maelekitirodi.
Resistive conductor layer: Gawo lapamwamba limapangidwa ndi pulasitiki, gawo lapansi limapangidwa ndi galasi, ndipo conductive indium tin oxide (ITO) imakutidwa pagawo lapansi.Izi zimapanga magawo awiri a ITO, olekanitsidwa ndi ma pivots odzipatula pafupifupi chikwi chimodzi cha inchi.
Electrode: Amapangidwa ndi zinthu zokhala ndi madulidwe abwino kwambiri (monga inki ya siliva), ndipo ma conductivity ake ndi pafupifupi nthawi 1000 kuposa ITO.(Capacitive touch panel)
Kudzipatula: Imagwiritsa ntchito filimu yopyapyala kwambiri ya polyester ya PET.Kumtunda kukakhudzidwa, kumagwada pansi ndikulola zigawo ziwiri za ITO zokutira pansipa kuti zigwirizane kuti zigwirizane ndi dera.Ichi ndi chifukwa chake kukhudza chophimba akhoza kukwaniritsa kukhudza Chinsinsi.pamwamba capacitive touch screen.
Resistive touch screen
Mwachidule, chophimba chokhudza resistive ndi sensor yomwe imagwiritsa ntchito mfundo ya kukakamiza kuti ikwaniritse kukhudza.chophimba chophimba
Resistive touch screen mfundo:
Pamene chala cha munthu chikukankhira pamwamba pa chophimba chotsutsa, filimu yotanuka ya PET imapinda pansi, kulola zokutira za ITO zapamwamba ndi zotsika kuti zigwirizane wina ndi mzake kuti apange malo okhudza.ADC imagwiritsidwa ntchito pozindikira voteji ya point kuti iwerengere mitengo ya X ndi Y axis coordinate.resistive touchscreen
Zowonetsera zotsutsana ndi zowonetsera nthawi zambiri zimagwiritsa ntchito mawaya anayi, asanu, asanu ndi awiri kapena asanu ndi atatu kuti apange magetsi a skrini ndikuwerengera zomwe zanenedwa.Apa timatenga makamaka mizere inayi monga chitsanzo.Mfundo yake ndi iyi:
1. Onjezani voliyumu ya Vref yosalekeza ku X + ndi X- electrodes, ndikugwirizanitsa Y + ku ADC yolepheretsa kwambiri.
2. Malo amagetsi pakati pa maelekitirodi awiriwa amagawidwa mofanana kuchokera ku X + mpaka X-.
3. Pamene dzanja likukhudza, zigawo ziwiri zoyendetsa zimagwirizana pa malo okhudzidwa, ndipo kuthekera kwa X wosanjikiza kumalo okhudzidwa kumayendetsedwa ku ADC yolumikizidwa ndi Y kuti ipeze voliyumu Vx.chophimba chophimba
4. Kupyolera mu Lx / L = Vx / Vref, zogwirizanitsa za x mfundo zikhoza kupezeka.
5. Momwemonso, gwirizanitsani Y + ndi Y- ku Vref voliyumu, makonzedwe a Y-axis angapezeke, ndiyeno gwirizanitsani X + electrode ku ADC yapamwamba yolepheretsa kupeza.Panthawi imodzimodziyo, mawonekedwe okhudzana ndi mawaya anayi okhudzana ndi mawaya sangangopeza zogwirizanitsa za X / Y za kukhudzana, komanso kuyeza kuthamanga kwa kukhudzana.
Izi zili choncho chifukwa kupanikizika kwakukulu, kumakhudza kwambiri, komanso kumachepetsa kukana.Poyesa kukana, kupanikizika kungathe kuwerengedwa.Mtengo wa voteji ndi wofanana ndi mtengo wogwirizanitsa, choncho uyenera kuyesedwa powerengera ngati pali kusiyana kwa mtengo wamagetsi a (0, 0) coordinate point.chophimba chophimba
Ubwino ndi kuipa kwa Resistive touch screen:
1. The resistive touch screen can only judge one touch point every time it work.Ngati pali mfundo zopitilira ziwiri, sizingaweruzidwe molondola.
2. Makanema odziletsa amafunikira mafilimu oteteza komanso kuwongolera pafupipafupi, koma zotchingira zowoneka bwino sizimakhudzidwa ndi fumbi, madzi, ndi dothi.resistive touch screen panel
3. Chophimba cha ITO cha chotchinga chogwira cha resistive ndi chochepa kwambiri komanso chosavuta kusweka.Ngati ndi wandiweyani kwambiri, zimachepetsa kufalikira kwa kuwala ndikupangitsa kuti kuwunikira mkati kuchepetse kumveka.Ngakhale pulasitiki yopyapyala yoteteza pulasitiki imawonjezedwa ku ITO, imakhala yosavuta kukulitsidwa.Imawonongeka ndi zinthu;ndipo chifukwa nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa, ming'alu yaying'ono kapena kupindika kumawonekera pamwamba pa ITO pakapita nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito.Ngati chimodzi mwa zigawo zakunja za ITO chawonongeka ndikusweka, chidzataya udindo wake monga wotsogolera ndipo moyo wa chophimba chokhudza sudzakhala wautali..resistive touch screen panel
zowonetsera capacitive touch, capacitive touch zowonetsera
Mosiyana ndi zowonera za resistive touch, kukhudza kwa capacitive sikudalira kukakamiza kwa chala kuti apange ndikusintha ma voltages kuti azindikire ma coordinates.Amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri kulowetsedwa kwa thupi la munthu kuti agwire ntchito.zowonetsera capacitive touch
Capacitive touch screen mfundo:
Zowonetsera capacitive zimagwira ntchito kudzera mu chinthu chilichonse chomwe chimakhala ndi magetsi, kuphatikizapo khungu la munthu.(Ndalama zonyamulidwa ndi thupi la munthu) Makanema okhudza ma capacitive amapangidwa ndi zinthu monga aloyi kapena indium tin oxide (ITO), ndipo zolipiritsa zimasungidwa mu ma netiweki ang'onoang'ono a electrostatic omwe ndioonda kuposa tsitsi.Chala chikadina pazenera, kachulukidwe kakang'ono kamatengedwa kuchokera pamalo olumikizirana, kupangitsa kutsika kwamagetsi pamagetsi apakona, ndipo cholinga chowongolera kukhudza chimakwaniritsidwa pozindikira mphamvu yofooka ya thupi la munthu.Ichi ndichifukwa chake chotchinga chokhudza chimalephera kuyankha tikavala magolovesi ndikuchikhudza.chiwonetsero cha capacitive touch screen
Gulu la mtundu wa capacitive screen sensing
Malinga ndi mtundu wa induction, imatha kugawidwa m'magawo apamwamba komanso kuthekera koyerekeza.Makanema owoneka bwino atha kugawidwa m'mitundu iwiri: zowonera zodziyimira pawokha komanso zowonera zomwe zili ndi mutual capacitive.Chojambula chodziwika bwino cha mutual capacitive screen ndi chitsanzo, chomwe chimapangidwa ndi ma elekitirodi oyendetsa ndi kulandira maelekitirodi.pamwamba capacitive touch screen
Surface capacitive touch screen:
Surface capacitive ili ndi wosanjikiza wa ITO wamba ndi chimango chachitsulo, chogwiritsa ntchito masensa omwe ali pamakona anayi ndi filimu yopyapyala yogawidwa mofanana padziko lonse lapansi.Chala chikadina pa zenera, chala cha munthu ndi chotchinga chokhudza zinthu zimagwira ntchito ngati ma kondakitala a charged awiri, akuyandikirana kuti apange coupling capacitor.Kwa ma frequency apamwamba, capacitor ndi conductor wachindunji, kotero chala chimakoka kamphindi kakang'ono kwambiri kuchokera kumalo olumikizirana.Zamakono zimachokera ku maelekitirodi pa ngodya zinayi za chophimba chokhudza.Kuchuluka kwa magetsi kumayenderana ndi mtunda kuchokera pa chala kupita ku electrode.Woyang'anira kukhudza amawerengera malo a touch point.chiwonetsero cha capacitive touch screen
Projekiti ya capacitive touch screen:
ITO imodzi kapena zingapo zomangidwa mosamala zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.Zigawo za ITO izi zimakhazikika kuti zipange ma elekitirodi angapo opingasa ndi ofukula, ndipo tchipisi todziyimira pawokha okhala ndi zomverera zimasunthidwa m'mizere/mizere kuti apange matrix olumikizirana a axis-coordinate sensing unit of capacitance.: Ma axes a X ndi Y amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mizere yosiyana ndi mizere ya mayunitsi olumikizirana kuti azindikire kuthekera kwa gulu lililonse lozindikira.pamwamba capacitive touch screen
Zoyambira zoyambira za capacitive screen
Chiwerengero cha mayendedwe: Chiwerengero cha mizere yolumikizidwa kuchokera ku chip kupita ku touch screen.Ngati pali njira zambiri, zimakhala zokwera mtengo komanso zovuta kwambiri mawaya.Kudzidalira kwachikhalidwe: M + N (kapena M * 2, N * 2);mphamvu zonse: M+N;mphamvu yolumikizana: M*N.zowonetsera capacitive touch
Chiwerengero cha ma node: Chiwerengero cha deta yovomerezeka yomwe ingapezeke mwa sampuli.Ma node ambiri omwe alipo, deta yowonjezereka ingapezeke, makonzedwe owerengedwa ndi olondola kwambiri, ndipo malo okhudzana nawo omwe angathandizidwe ndi ochepa.Kuthekera: Kufanana ndi kuchuluka kwa ma tchanelo, kuthekera kogwirizana: M*N.
Kutalikirana kwa ma Channel: mtunda pakati pa malo oyandikana nawo.Ma node akachuluka, m'pamenenso mamvekedwe ofananawo amakhala ochepa.
Kutalika kwa ma code: kulolerana kokha komwe kumafunikira kuonjezera chizindikiro cha zitsanzo kuti mupulumutse nthawi yachitsanzo.The mutual capacitance scheme ikhoza kukhala ndi zizindikiro pa mizere yambiri yoyendetsa nthawi imodzi.Ndi ma tchanelo angati omwe ali ndi zizindikiro zimatengera kutalika kwa code (nthawi zambiri ma code 4 ndi ambiri).Chifukwa decoding imafunika, kutalika kwa ma codewo kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala ndi vuto linalake pakutsetsereka mwachangu.zowonetsera capacitive touch
Makanema opangidwa ndi capacitive screen principle capacitive touch screen
(1) Capacitive touch screen: Maelekitirodi onse opingasa ndi ofukula amayendetsedwa ndi njira imodzi yokha yozindikira.
Galasi pamwamba pa chojambula chodzipangira chokha cha capacitive touch screen chimagwiritsa ntchito ITO kupanga mizere yopingasa komanso yoyima ya ma elekitirodi.Ma electrode opingasa ndi ofukula awa amapanga ma capacitor okhala ndi nthaka motsatana.Kuthekera uku kumatchedwa kudzikonda.Pamene chala chikukhudza capacitive chophimba, capacitance chala adzakhala superimposed pa capacitance chophimba.Panthawiyi, chophimba cha self-capacitive chimazindikira ma electrode opingasa ndi osunthika ndikusankha makonzedwe opingasa ndi okwera motsatira kusintha kwa capacitance isanayambe kapena itatha kukhudza, ndiyeno Kukhudza kumagwirizanitsa pamodzi mu ndege.
Mphamvu ya parasitic imawonjezeka pamene chala chakhudza: Cp' = Cp + Cfinger, kumene Cp- ndi mphamvu ya parasitic.
Pozindikira kusintha kwa parasitic capacitance, malo okhudzidwa ndi chala amatsimikiziridwa.zowonetsera capacitive touch
Tengani mawonekedwe odzipangira okha ngati mwachitsanzo: zigawo ziwiri za ITO, ma elekitirodi opingasa ndi ofukula amakhazikika motsatana kuti azidzipanga okha, ndi njira zowongolera za M + N.ips LCD capacitive touch screen
Kwa zowonetsera zodziyimira pawokha, ngati kukhudza kumodzi, mawonekedwe a X-axis ndi Y-axis mayendedwe ndi apadera, ndipo zolumikizira zophatikizidwa ndizopadera.Ngati mfundo ziwiri zakhudzidwa pa zenera logwira ndipo mfundo ziwirizo zili munjira zosiyanasiyana za XY, ma coordinates a 4 adzawonekera.Koma mwachiwonekere, makonzedwe awiri okha ndi enieni, ndipo ena awiriwo amadziwika kuti "ghost points".ips LCD capacitive touch screen
Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe azithunzi zodziyimira pawokha amatsimikizira kuti zitha kukhudzidwa ndi mfundo imodzi yokha ndipo sangathe kukwaniritsa kukhudza kowona.ips LCD capacitive touch screen
Mutual capacitive touch screen: Mapeto otumiza ndi olandila ndi osiyana komanso amadutsa molunjika.capacitive multi touch
Gwiritsani ntchito ITO kupanga ma elekitirodi odutsa ndi ma elekitirodi aatali.Kusiyanitsa kwa kudzidalira ndiko kuti capacitance idzapangidwa pamene magulu awiri a electrode amadutsa, ndiye kuti, ma seti awiri a electrode amapanga mizati iwiri ya capacitance.Chala chikakhudza chophimba cha capacitive, chimakhudza kugwirizana pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri omwe amamangiriridwa kumalo okhudza, potero kusintha mphamvu pakati pa maelekitirodi awiri.capacitive multi touch
Mukazindikira mphamvu yolumikizana, ma elekitirodi opingasa amatumiza ma siginecha osangalatsa motsatizana, ndipo ma elekitirodi onse oyima amalandila ma siginali nthawi imodzi.Mwa njira iyi, mphamvu za capacitance pazigawo za mphambano za maelekitirodi onse opingasa ndi ofukula angapezeke, ndiko kuti, kukula kwa capacitance kwa ndege zonse ziwiri-dimensional za chophimba chokhudza, kotero kuti chikhoza kuzindikirika.zambiri touch.
The coupling capacitance imachepa pamene chala chikukhudza.
Pozindikira kusintha kwa kugwirizanitsa capacitance, malo okhudzidwa ndi chala amatsimikiziridwa.CM - coupling capacitor.capacitive multi touch
Tengani mawonekedwe odzipangira okha ngati mwachitsanzo: magawo awiri a ITO amalumikizana kuti apange ma capacitor a M * N ndi njira zowongolera za M + N.capacitive multi touch
Ukadaulo wa Multi-touch umatengera zowonera zomwe zimagwirizana ndipo zimagawidwa muukadaulo wa Multi-TouchGesture ndi Multi-Touch All-Point, womwe ndi kuzindikira kwapang'onopang'ono komwe kumayendera ndi malo okhudza chala.Amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pozindikira mawonekedwe a foni yam'manja komanso kukhudza zala khumi.Chiwonetsero chodikirira.Sikuti manja okha ndi kuzindikira zala zambiri zitha kuzindikirika, koma mawonekedwe ena osakhudza zala amaloledwanso, komanso kuzindikira pogwiritsa ntchito kanjedza, kapena manja kuvala magolovesi.Njira yosanthula ya Multi-Touch All-Point imafuna kusanthula kwapadera ndikuzindikira malo omwe adutsa pamzere uliwonse ndi gawo la chophimba chokhudza.Chiwerengero cha ma scan ndi chopangidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa mizere ndi kuchuluka kwa zipilala.Mwachitsanzo, ngati touchscreen ili ndi M mizere ndi N mizati, iyenera kufufuzidwa.Malo odutsana ndi nthawi za M * N, kotero kuti kusintha kwa mphamvu iliyonse yogwirizana kuzindikirike.Pakakhala kukhudza chala, mphamvu yolumikizana imachepa kuti mudziwe malo amtundu uliwonse.capacitive multi touch
Capacitive touch screen kapangidwe mtundu
Mawonekedwe oyambira pazenera amagawidwa m'magawo atatu kuchokera pamwamba mpaka pansi, galasi loteteza, wosanjikiza, ndi gulu lowonetsera.Panthawi yopanga zowonetsera mafoni am'manja, galasi loteteza, chophimba chokhudza, ndi chophimba chowonetsera chiyenera kumangidwa kawiri.
Popeza galasi loteteza, chinsalu chokhudza, ndi chinsalu chowonetsera zimadutsa njira yochepetsera nthawi zonse, zokolola zidzachepetsedwa kwambiri.Ngati chiwerengero cha laminations angachepe, mlingo zokolola zonse lamination mosakayikira adzakhala bwino.Pakalipano, opanga magulu owonetsera amphamvu kwambiri amakonda kulimbikitsa mayankho a On-Cell kapena In-Cell, ndiko kuti, amakonda kupanga mawonekedwe okhudza pazenera;pomwe opanga ma module okhudza kapena opanga zinthu zakumtunda amakonda kukonda OGS, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti gawo logwira limapangidwa pagalasi loteteza.capacitive multi touch
Mu-Cell: imatanthawuza njira yophatikizira magwiridwe antchito mu ma pixel amadzimadzi a crystal, ndiye kuti, kuyika ntchito za sensor touch mkati mwa chinsalu chowonetsera, chomwe chingapangitse kuti chinsalucho chikhale chochepa thupi komanso chopepuka.Nthawi yomweyo, chophimba cha In-Cell chiyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi kukhudza kofananira ndi IC, apo ayi zitha kupangitsa kuti pakhale ma siginecha olakwika okhudza kukhudza kapena phokoso lambiri.Chifukwa chake, zowonera mu Cell ndizokhazikika zokha.capacitive multi touch
Pa-Cell: imatanthawuza njira yophatikizira chinsalu chokhudza pakati pa gawo lapansi la fyuluta yamtundu ndi polarizer ya chinsalu chowonetsera, ndiye kuti, ndi chojambula chojambula pa gulu la LCD, chomwe chiri chovuta kwambiri kuposa In Cell technology.Chifukwa chake, mawonekedwe okhudza omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pamsika ndi Onell skrini.ips capacitive touch screen
OGS (One Glass Solution): Ukadaulo wa OGS umaphatikiza zowonera ndi galasi loteteza, amavala mkati mwa galasi loteteza ndi ITO conductive layer, ndipo amapanga zokutira ndi kujambula zithunzi mwachindunji pagalasi loteteza.Popeza galasi loteteza la OGS ndi chophimba chokhudza zimagwirizanitsidwa palimodzi, nthawi zambiri zimafunika kulimbikitsidwa poyamba, kenako zimakutidwa, zokhazikika, ndipo pamapeto pake zimadulidwa.Kudula pa galasi lotentha motere kumakhala kovuta kwambiri, kumakhala ndi ndalama zambiri, zokolola zochepa, ndipo kumapangitsa kuti ming'alu ya tsitsi ikhale pamphepete mwa galasi, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya galasi.ips capacitive touch screen
Kuyerekeza zabwino ndi kuipa kwa capacitive touch screens:
1. Pankhani yowonekera pazenera ndi zowoneka bwino, OGS ndiyo yabwino kwambiri, yotsatiridwa ndi In-Cell ndi On-Cell.ips capacitive touch screen
2. Kuonda ndi kupepuka.Nthawi zambiri, In-Cell ndiye wopepuka komanso woonda kwambiri, wotsatiridwa ndi OGS.Pa-Cell ndiyoyipa pang'ono kuposa awiri oyambawo.
3. Pankhani ya mphamvu yowonekera (kukana kukhudzidwa ndi kutsika kwapansi), On-Cell ndi yabwino kwambiri, OGS ndi yachiwiri, ndipo In-Cell ndi yoyipa kwambiri.Ziyenera kunenedwa kuti OGS imagwirizanitsa mwachindunji galasi lotetezera la Corning ndi wosanjikiza wokhudza.Kukonzekera kumafooketsa mphamvu ya galasi ndipo chophimba chimakhalanso chofooka kwambiri.
4. Pankhani ya kukhudza, kukhudza kukhudzidwa kwa OGS kuli bwino kuposa zowonetsera pa On-Cell/In-Cell.Pankhani yothandizira kukhudza kwamitundu yambiri, zala, ndi cholembera cha Stylus, OGS ndiyabwinoko kuposa In-Cell/On-Cell.Ma cell.Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa chophimba cha In-Cell chimaphatikizira mwachindunji gawo la kukhudza ndi kristalo wamadzimadzi, phokoso lomva ndilokulirapo, ndipo chipangizo chapadera chokhudza chimafunikira pakusefera ndi kukonza.Zojambula za OGS sizidalira kwambiri tchipisi ta touch.
5. Zofunikira zaukadaulo, Mu-Cell / On-Cell ndizovuta kwambiri kuposa OGS, komanso kuwongolera kupanga kumakhala kovuta kwambiri.ips capacitive touch screen
Mawonekedwe a Touch screen ndi momwe akukula
Ndi chitukuko chosalekeza chaukadaulo, zowonera zasintha kuchokera ku zowonera m'mbuyomu kupita ku ma capacitive skrini omwe tsopano akugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Masiku ano, ma Incell ndi Incell touch screen akhala akutenga nthawi yayitali pamsika waukulu ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'magawo osiyanasiyana monga mafoni am'manja, mapiritsi, ndi magalimoto.Zocheperako zowonera zachikhalidwe zopangidwa ndi filimu ya ITO zikuchulukirachulukira, monga kukana kwambiri, kuthyoka kosavuta, kovuta kunyamula, ndi zina zambiri. Makamaka pazithunzi zopindika kapena zopindika kapena zosinthika, ma conductivity ndi kuwala kwa ma capacitive skrini Osauka. .Kuti akwaniritse zofuna za msika zowonetsera zazikulu zazikuluzikulu ndi zosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito zowonetsera zopepuka, zowonda komanso zogwira bwino, zopindika komanso zopindika zosinthika zawonekera ndipo zimagwiritsidwa ntchito pang'onopang'ono m'mafoni a m'manja, zowonetsera galimoto, misika yamaphunziro, misonkhano yamakanema, ndi zina zambiri.Kukhudza kopindika kopindika kukukhala chitukuko chamtsogolo.ips capacitive touch screen
Nthawi yotumiza: Sep-13-2023